Saturday, May 16, 2015

THE PRODUCTS: CREATION AND DISRUPTION

OUT OF THE POD
By Robert Cyran  

With customers queuing around the block for their iPod, it's no surprise Apple's net profit rose fourfold in the last quarter. The U.S. computer group sold 4.6 million of its iconic digital music players in the quarter, more than six times as many as it sold in the same period last year. But the real importance of the quarter came from the fact that iPod sales appear to be driving sales of its Mac computers. The group saw its first increase in market share for computers since 2000. And this trend looks set to run.   The case against Apple's computers has always been twofold. First, unless one does a lot of graphics or audio work, there's little reason to prefer a Mac outside of their nice looks. Second, Apple charges a substantial premium for its computers. These two objections now look a bit out of date.   Digital cameras are rapidly supplanting film, which is increasing the number of people working with images.

And Apple's introduction of a $499 computer – albeit without monitor, keyboard or mouse – means the group now has a computer in the sub$1,000 range. The majority of computers sell under this barrier.   Throw in the fact that Macs currently have few problems with viruses, and there now appears to be a tailwind as iPod users switch to Macs. And even a small difference in market share will have a disproportionate effect on the group. Apple's share of the computer market is around 2 percent. Every 1 percent increase translates into about $2 billion in revenue.  

Of course, these sorts of projections are always dangerous. Big gains in market share are rather ambitious for a company with a long history of losing market share. And entering lowerpriced markets has its own problems. The group currently has an operating margin of 12 percent, while the average consumer electronics firm earns less than 5 percent. Margins are likely to fall as the group enters more competitive, cheaper markets.  

But Apple has now shown the first real sign of turning a vicious circle into a virtuous one. And if this is the case, there could be many more quarters like the last.

Published Jan. 13, 2005   

PUSHY CALLER
By Robert Cyran  

Apple may carry selfpromotion to extremes, but its longawaited cell phone looks all it's cracked up to be. The tech company's iPhone, unveiled Tuesday by Steve Jobs at his annual MacWorld love fest, is likely to grab a sizeable chunk of the market. It will also irritate telecom operators in the process.   The phone is certainly impressive.

It runs on Apple's easytouse operating system. In addition to offering basic phone services, it acts as an iPod music/video player. Its ultra thin, highdefinition 3.5 inch screen can be turned sideways to watch video. In short, it looks as stunningly fresh as the iPod did when it was introduced.   Of course, nobody can get everything right. All these features make the device an energy hog – the battery lasts just five hours. It's also pricy – the 8 gigabyte version runs $599, a lot of money for not much memory. Finally, the lack of a keyboard makes it visually stunning, but its touchscreen may frustrate users.   But these are quibbles compared to the wow factor. Users, and especially Apple's maniacal fan base, are likely to flock to the new phone. Apple's willingness to go where other handset manufacturers have gone before, and failed, suggests as much.  

During the tech bubble, Nokia started Club Nokia. It let users of its phones download games, ringtones and other content. This wasn't popular with operators, who subsidise and distribute most phones. They resented Nokia muscling into what they considered their own turf. Nokia ultimately backed down in 2003. Like Nokia, Apple is encouraging iPhone users to buy movies and music from iTunes.   Intriguingly, the iPhone isn't using the most advanced wireless technology, 3G. One of the big reasons operators are rolling out 3G is to sell their own services and content.

Nonetheless, carrier Cingular is willing to play along in exchange for an exclusive right to market the iPhone. If Apple's latest gadget is as successful as the iPod, other operators may have no choice but to follow its lead.  

Published Jan. 10, 2007

THEY’RE IN iSUITCASES
By Robert Cyran  

Where are all the iPhones? Apple sold 3.6 million of its hit mobile phones last year, but its official partners only registered 2.3 million new customers. Meanwhile, many of its U.S. retail stores are having trouble keeping the hit handsets on shelves. In Manhattan, for example, daily shipments are sold out before it’s time for a second cup of coffee. Apple is tightlipped, but the two stories could be related.

The iPhone is usually tied to a single phone network in each country. In the United States, software locks users into AT&T's network. Similar agreements exist in France, Germany, Ireland and the UK. In exchange for this exclusivity, Apple gets a cut of users' monthly fees. The problem, at least from Apple’s point of view, is that the software can be relatively easily tweaked to allow the phones to run on other operators’ GSM networks.   China Mobile, one of two mobile operators in China, doesn't have any deal with Apple but still reckons there were 400,000 iPhones on its network at the end of 2007. That number is probably much higher now. Those phones must have been bought somewhere.  

That's where the stories come together. The fact is that iPhone smuggling has become a lucrative, if legally questionable, way for travelling students and flight attendants to earn a bit of extra cash. An iPhone costs $499 plus tax in the United States – call it $550. Unlock it, for $50 or less, and you can sell the same phone for the equivalent of $900 or so in Europe. The more the dollar falls, the more attractive this arbitrage.  

Perhaps it’s no coincidence that iPhones, unavailable in Apple’s Manhattan stores, are in stock in Buffalo. Manhattan is full of tourists armed with strong euros, roubles and Brazilian reais. Few of them visit postindustrial cities in upstate New York.   Of course, there could be other explanations. Apple could be clearing the decks for a more advanced version of the iPhone. Or it could have simply misjudged demand or run into parts shortages. Listen to the Babel of languages in Apple’s New York City stores, though, and it’s easy to imagine the missing phones in suitcases flying overseas.  

Published April 4, 2008   

BIG APPLE
By Robert Cyran  

Apple’s iTunes milestone proves who’s piper. The tech giant just sold its 10 billionth song online, and the pace of downloading from its sevenyearold digital media service continues to quicken. It took three years to get to a billion, one year to get from 1 billion to 2 billion and now iTunes sells a billion songs about every three months.  

The more songs Apple sells, the more it entrenches itself. It has used music to make its various gadgets, and the software linked with them, so popular. Even though all songs purchased from iTunes have been playable on nonApple devices since 2009, the formative years when this wasn’t so helped establish the site’s dominance. The continued ease of connecting to the online store and the volume of music available on it means customers find themselves increasingly buying from Apple.  

Growing even more dependent on Apple than consumers is the entertainment industry. The tech company retains about twothirds of the music download market, and one quarter of all songs are now sold from the iTunes store, according to research outfit NPD Group. Apple's trying to duplicate the stranglehold on the market for TV and movies.  

Content providers have found iTunes a welcome source of revenue. Illegal downloading has gutted the music industry and is starting to eat away at video sales. Unfortunately for the industry, it's increasingly clear they have to dance to Apple's tune.  

Published Feb. 25, 2010

HALO IN THE CLOUDS
By Robert Cyran  

Apple holds its annual developers' conference on June 6. As happened with previous new product introductions, like that of the iPad, the tech group's objective will be to trigger a virtuous circle whereby whatever new gadget it unveils tends to encourage consumers to buy other Apple products. Expanding its cloud offerings, where data and programs are stored remotely, could set off more favorable feedback loops.   

The company says Chief Executive Steve Jobs – currently still on medical leave – is addressing the crowd, and will talk about what it calls iCloud. Characteristically, Apple is keeping its cards close to its chest. But this appears a major effort into providing lots more music and computing services remotely via the Web, instead of being stored locally by the user. The company has built a 500,000 square foot data center in North Carolina and signed deals with multiple music labels in preparation with the launch.   

Putting music, movies and other programs on the cloud offers a few obvious benefits to Apple. Its computers, tablets, and phones would potentially need less local memory. That means devices can be cheaper – or simply higher margin – yet slimmer and more attractive. That's important for the designconscious Apple.   

But the secondary effects are more important. If users store data and programs remotely, devices blend together. Buy a song once and it can be listened to on any gadget. Likewise, edit a spreadsheet on the cloud, and the changes can be seen and modified on multiple platforms. That makes customers more likely to stick with a suite of Apple products.   

And there's an additional plus. Cloud services eat up bandwidth. Telecom companies are hungry for revenue from data transmission. That makes them more willing to subsidize iPhone sales in exchange for locking customers into longterm contracts. If Apple users start needing more expensive data plans, then companies like AT&T and Verizon are more likely to fund the purchase of Apple gadgets.   

Apple revenue grew by 83 percent in the last quarter. That must eventually slow. But its iCloud services halo affect could keep growth humming along a while longer.

Published June 3, 2011  

PLEASE SIR, NOT ANOTHER
By Robert Cyran

Apple has an astonishing ability to casually unleash creative destruction. Its latest iPhone, the 4S, offers faster dataprocessing and downloads, as well as voicepowered software. This may not have lived up to the most feverish expectations of investors: Apple shares fell while the market rallied. But it will do more than enough to create headaches for companies ranging from Research In Motion to American Greetings.

Smartphones started by devouring the personal digital assistant, as any former Palm Pilot aficionado can testify. They terrorized the market for fixedline phones, which are now in sharp decline. Apple’s newest gadget shows just how hungry smartphone makers, and Apple in particular, are to eat rivals’ lunches. The new iPhone’s camera offers sharply better video. That will further hurt sales of digital still and video cameras.

Its software allows easy and free texting to other Apple devices. That’s bad news for telephone operators, who make fat margins on such services. Instant messaging has also been the killer app for BlackBerry users. Apple also unveiled a function that lets users digitally create their own greeting cards and send them in physical form. That may not excite Apple’s most ardent fans, but it was enough to send shares of cardmakers American Greetings and International Greetings reeling. Oh, and the new iPod Nano allows runners to track their performance, which will take a chunk out of the market for personal fitness monitors and shoes with sensors. In a sense, though, these are the easily quantifiable effects of the new iPhone.

The device also comes with voicepowered software allowing users to search the Internet, answer queries, take dictation or set up phone commands. It’s hard to judge how effective this software is until it actually hits the shelves. But investors on the lookout for Apple’s creativedestructive impact are surely drawing up a new list of victims.


Published Oct. 4, 2011

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